![]() The framers contributed to the scholarship emerging in the aftermath of 9/11 and around the time of the Arab Spring. This identifies the pioneering work on proxy wars as a point of reference to theoretical and conceptual accounts emerging in the distinct socio-political context of the Cold War and its aftermath. The founders refers to a generation of scholarship emerging during the Cold War and its immediate aftermath. In answering the first question, we can think about the debate as evolving across three “generations”: (1) founders, (2) framers, and (3) reformers. Two questions are relevant here: First, how has proxy war literature evolved? And, second, how has proxy wars research added up? This presents an opportunity to take stock of the proxy war debate in order to understand its past, present, and future. Over the last decade, proxy war research has matured in recognition of the multiple problems proxy wars pose to the international system. ![]() As such, proxy wars are neither new nor rare, and the same can be said about their study. That Ethiopia faces the prospects of proxy wars once more is testimony to the enduring appeal of wars on the cheap and the frailty of agreements designed to end them. The award was in recognition of Ahmed’s efforts to normalize its relationship with neighbouring Eritrea, ending a decades-long cycle of proxy wars. What is more, the renewed prospect of ethnic strife in Ethiopia comes only a year after the momentous awarding of the Nobel Peace Prize to its Prime Minister, Abiy Ahmed. At the same time, the latter’s factions are quickly adapting to regional proxy games, with the Islamic State in Yemen, for example, transforming into an entity resembling a proxy or a tool in a broader conflict between regional players. Iraq is turning into a battleground for foreigners once again, still scarred by its civil war and the international efforts against ISIS. In the first half of 2020, the Syrian civil war entered its tenth year, while the Libyan civil war became the Middle East’s most important proxy war. This conceptualization is helpful in thinking how to take research on proxy wars forward. He finds that there are three different generations of scholars: the founders, framers, and reformers. ![]() In a recent article, Vladimir Rauta evaluates the progress of the proxy wars debate. ![]()
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